Anal Cytology Test Screening
An anal cytology test (also known as an anal pap smear) is a simple diagnostic test that’s used for the early detection of anal cancer in those considered at high risk. It’s a very useful tool for the prevention of anal cancer.
What is an anal cytology test?
An anal cytology test, also known as an anal pap smear, is a simple procedure used to screen for anal cancer by collecting cells from the anal canal with a cotton swab.
The test is recommended for those who may be at a higher risk of developing anal cancer, including:
men who have sex with men (MSM)
people who are HIV-positive
women who have a history of lower genital tract neoplasms (precancerous tissue or cells in the cervix, vagina or vulva)
transplant recipients
An anal cytology test looks for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (aHSIL), which can sometimes progress to cancer. Anal cytology can also help detect early anal squamous cell cancer.
Screening is an important tool for prevention because it can identify abnormal cells before they become cancerous, allowing them to be monitored or treated, if needed. It can also pick up cancers that have already developed, often at an early stage before symptoms appear, which greatly improves the chances of effective treatment and long-term survival.
At Welbeck, anal cytology tests are performed in our state-of-the-art Digestive Health centre as an outpatient procedure. Our team is dedicated to making your experience as comfortable as possible. The screening itself takes only a few minutes, and you'll receive your results during a follow-up consultation within a few days.
More information
An anal cytology test is a minimally invasive procedure. It involves collecting cells from your anal canal with a moistened cotton swab. The procedure may feel a little uncomfortable, but it shouldn’t be painful. Our team will make sure that you're as comfortable as possible throughout.
During the test:
you’ll be asked to lie on your side, with your knees bent
a moist cotton swab will be inserted into your anus, gently rotated, and then removed
The sample will be sent for analysis, and you'll receive your results and advice on any next steps at a follow-up appointment with your consultant.
Anal cytology is a safe procedure with no associated risks.
Before having an anal cytology test, your consultant will talk you through what to expect during the procedure and how to prepare. The procedure is usually more comfortable if you’ve had a bowel movement on the day of the test or the day before.
For 24 hours before your visit, it's advised that you:
don’t douche or use any enemas
don’t put anything, including medications or products, into your anus
At Welbeck, an anal cytology test is performed as an outpatient procedure. This means you can return to your day and normal activities as soon as the test has been performed. You shouldn’t feel any pain after the procedure.
Please contact our Digestive Health centre for pricing.
At Welbeck, our specialists are experts in their field and are dedicated to providing world-class care to every patient.
With access to colleagues across other specialties, our consultants are also able to refer within the Welbeck ecosystem if required to ensure you receive the treatment you need as quickly as possible, all under one roof.
All appointments, testing, treatment, and follow-up appointments take place within our state-of-the-art facilities, enabling us to deliver accurate diagnostics and advanced treatments.
To book an anal cytology test, you must be referred by either your GP, a colorectal surgeon or a gastroenterologist following a consultation with them. Self-referrals are not accepted for this test.
If you would like to schedule a consultation with a Welbeck gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon, please get in touch to make an appointment. Your health is important to us, so we strive to offer same-day appointments whenever possible.
Our consultants are recognised by the major health insurance companies. If you have private health insurance, your treatment at Welbeck can begin once you have obtained authorisation. We also provide care to self-paying patients. Learn more about the different payment options at Welbeck.
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Frequently asked questions
An anal cytology test is a good screening tool, especially for high-risk individuals, but it's not a definitive test. Negative results don’t completely rule out abnormal cells, and positive results usually need further investigation. Your consultant will be able to discuss the value of anal cytology for you and whether any additional tests will be needed.
Although self-swabbing kits are becoming more reliable, and are available at some sexual health clinics, we recommend attending an outpatient clinic for screening. This ensures the most accurate results because the correct sampling technique is used.
Yes, it's still possible to have an anal cytology test if you have an inflammatory bowel disease, but the results may be less accurate, as active inflammation, bleeding, or irritation can sometimes make it harder to get a good sample. Your consultant may recommend an alternative procedure, such as high-resolution anoscopy.
A result showing precancerous cells means there's a change in your cells that could become cancer over time, but isn’t cancer now. These changes may go away on their own, especially if your immune system is strong, but it’s important to keep a check on them. If precancerous cells are found, your consultant may recommend extra monitoring or further tests. Finding these cells early gives the best chance to prevent cancer from developing.